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Google ADK (Agent Development Kit) is Google's open-source framework for building, evaluating and deploying AI agents. It is code-first, works with Gemini and other models via LiteLLM, and offers workflow agents, tools and memory. Version 2.5.0 landed in July 2026 and deploys straight to Vertex AI.
smolagents is Hugging Face's agent library: in under a thousand lines of code it lets you build an agent that reasons by writing Python instead of filling in JSON. Its CodeAgent runs those actions as code, takes around 30% fewer steps than classic tool calling and works with any model, local or API.
Planning lets an AI agent solve long tasks: instead of improvising step by step, it first breaks the goal into an ordered list of subtasks and then runs them. The planner-executor pattern separates thinking from acting, cuts the number of model calls and lets the agent replan when a step fails midway through the job.
The ReAct pattern (Reason + Act) organizes an agent as a repeating three-step loop: reason about what to do, take an action with a tool, and observe the result. Introduced by Yao and colleagues in 2022, it interleaves reasoning and acting so the model can plan, consult external sources, and fix its own mistakes as it goes.
