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La Ley de IA europea iba a entrar en aplicación plena para sistemas de alto riesgo en agosto de 2026. El Digital Omnibus, aprobado por el Parlamento y el Consejo en junio de 2026, retrasa esa fecha 17 meses, hasta diciembre de 2027. Qué obligaciones rigen ya y qué cambia de verdad.
The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) entered force on 1 August 2024. It classifies AI systems into four risk levels with graduated deadlines: prohibitions in February 2025, GPAI obligations in August 2025, and high-risk requirements in August 2026. It applies to any company operating or selling in the EU, with fines exceeding GDPR levels.
Federated learning trains AI models collaboratively across many devices or organisations without moving the original data: each participant trains locally and sends only gradients to the central server. Formalised by Google in 2016, it does not guarantee privacy on its own: it needs differential privacy or secure aggregation to prevent leaks from those gradients.
