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Gemini 2.5 Pro reached preview on 25 March 2025 and general availability at the end of June, alongside the cheaper, faster Gemini 2.5 Flash. Two things separate it from Gemini 2.0: a one-million-token context window that behaves stably to at least 500k, and multimodality that has left the demo stage behind.
Gemini 2.0, announced by Google in December, puts tool use and agent behavior at the center of the product: it is designed to execute actions, not only generate text. Its clearest advantages are Flash's one-million-token context window, cheap input tokens, and first-class access to Search, Maps, Cloud, and Workspace. Claude 3.5 Sonnet still leads on complex reasoning.
Google launched Bard in February 2023 with PaLM 2 as its answer to ChatGPT, unveiling the model in May the same year in four sizes: Gecko, Otter, Bison, and Unicorn. PaLM 2 competes with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on benchmarks like MMLU and BIG-bench, but Google's real edge is Workspace integration, not the model itself.
