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After a decade of grandiose headlines, quantum computing enters this cycle with more honest metrics, thousand-physical-qubit machines, and the first serious signs of error correction at scale. It pays to separate what already works from what remains research.
Post-quantum cryptography stopped being an academic topic once Cloudflare, Google, and Apple put ML-KEM hybrids into production. By 2025 it already covers the majority of real web traffic. A look at where adoption stands, where friction still shows up, and what to review in your own infrastructure.
OpenSSH added hybrid post-quantum key exchange with ML-KEM in version 9.9 and made it the default algorithm in 10.0. The question is no longer whether to migrate SSH to post-quantum, but how to do it without breaking old clients: enable the hybrid mode, keep a classical fallback, and verify with ssh -v that the active algorithm is the right one.
