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PostgreSQL 19 adds REPACK, which replaces VACUUM FULL and CLUSTER and, with CONCURRENTLY, compacts a table without blocking writes, plus WAIT FOR LSN for replicas and logical replication of sequences. On Beta 4, a 1895 MB table shrank to 474 MB, and pg_upgrade from 18 required rebuilding a GiST index first.
Distributed SQL databases have moved from promise to production reality. YugabyteDB and CockroachDB lead the segment from different angles. Choosing between them demands understanding what each design compromises and what horizontal scaling costs in practice.
Litestream is an open-source tool that replicates a SQLite database to an S3 bucket in near real time by reading the WAL SQLite already writes. It offers point-in-time recovery, overhead of only 1 to 3% CPU, and replaces the need for a separate database server in small apps.
PostgreSQL 16 closes the historical gaps in logical replication: parallel apply near 2x faster, logical slots served from physical standbys, and the scaffolding for bidirectional replication. The result is a first-line tool for cross-version migrations and CDC pipelines.
