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A RabbitMQ quorum queue deletes each message once it is acknowledged and fsyncs before accepting it; a stream keeps it for rereading. On RabbitMQ 4.3.6, with 1 KB messages, the quorum queue moved 45,156 msg/s and the stream, over its own protocol, 281,330 msg/s, using 9 KB of memory per million messages against 20.5 MB.
Redpanda promises Kafka-protocol compatibility without the JVM, without ZooKeeper, and with a thread-per-core architecture. By 2025 there are already serious production deployments. It is worth understanding where the switch pays off and where it does not.
Kafka 4.0, released on 18 March 2025, cannot start with ZooKeeper at all, so KRaft is the only option left. Metadata management now lives inside Kafka itself, a path that opened with KIP-500 in 2019 and became production-ready in Kafka 3.3. Migration is mandatory, and it shifts daily operations.
