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Architecture

Model Context Protocol in 2025: from announcement to ecosystem

Model Context Protocol turns ten months old since Anthropic's announcement, and it is no longer just a proposal: hundreds of servers, cross-vendor implementations and a public registry now back it. A look at what has worked, what is still weak, and why 2025 marks the shift from curiosity to basic infrastructure.

Artificial Intelligence

RAG 2.0: knowledge graphs, vectors, and hybrid

El RAG de 2023 era búsqueda vectorial con un LLM detrás. El de 2025 es un sistema híbrido que combina vectores, búsqueda léxica y grafos de conocimiento. Qué ha cambiado, dónde funciona cada pieza y qué decisiones marcan la diferencia entre un RAG útil y uno decepcionante.

Artificial Intelligence

Gemini 2.5: context scaling and multimodality

Google publicó Gemini 2.5 Pro en vista previa en marzo y la versión general llegó en junio. El salto respecto a Gemini 2.0 no está solo en puntuaciones sino en dos frentes prácticos: ventana de contexto utilizable en serio y multimodalidad que deja de ser demostración para convertirse en herramienta.

Architecture

Applying graph RAG to a real product

Desde que Microsoft abrió GraphRAG, el patrón de usar grafos sobre tus propios datos ha pasado de experimento académico a técnica con aplicaciones prácticas. Reflexión sobre cuándo compensa, cómo se monta y qué errores se repiten.

Architecture

Hybrid Search: Combining BM25 and Vectors Seriously

Hybrid search combines BM25 and vector retrieval to cover what each misses alone. Vectors fail on exact identifiers like SKUs or CVEs; BM25 fails when query and document use different vocabulary for the same idea. Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) merges both rankings without depending on their score scales.

Artificial Intelligence

llama.cpp: Optimisations That Keep Surprising

llama.cpp is the C++ library that powers Ollama and much of the local-LLM ecosystem. 2024 added speculative decoding with two- to three-fold speedups, an RPC server for sharding layers across machines, and a stable GGUF format. Ollama covers 90% of cases; going direct pays off with uncommon hardware or specific flags.

Artificial Intelligence

Ollama in 2024: Running LLMs Locally Without Pain

Ollama became the standard for running large language models locally in 2024. It wraps llama.cpp in a single binary with Docker-style CLI and an OpenAI-compatible API. Phi-3 Mini runs in 4 GB; Llama 3.1 8B Q4 needs 6 GB. For production traffic at scale, vLLM remains the correct choice.

Architecture

Model Context Protocol: Anthropic’s Open Proposal

Model Context Protocol (MCP) is the open standard Anthropic published on 25 November 2024 to connect language models with external data and tools over JSON-RPC 2.0. It does not replace function calling: it standardises the server side, aiming to become for context what the Language Server Protocol is for code editors.