Architecture
Skills and subagents: the agent reuse pattern
Skills package reusable capabilities; subagents isolate bounded-task execution. Together they form the most effective pattern for composing complex agents in 2026.
Category
Architecture
Pragmatic software architecture: decisions, trade-offs and patterns that scale.
Architecture
Docker Swarm in 2023: When It Still Makes Sense
Kubernetes won the orchestration battle, but Docker Swarm stays maintained inside Docker Engine and makes real sense for small teams without dedicated SRE, self-hosted stacks on 1-5 VPS, and edge mini-clusters. In those contexts, Swarm's minimal learning curve and low operational cost outweigh Kubernetes's advanced features.
Architecture
Agent OS in production: real cases without the marketing
El concepto de Agent OS pasó del slide al despliegue en 2025. Seis meses en producción dejan patrones visibles: qué arquitecturas funcionan, dónde se rompe el modelo y qué aporta frente a correr agentes sobre pila existente.
Architecture
Enterprise GraphRAG: patterns after a year of adoption
A year after GraphRAG left the lab, one statistic holds: it works where corporate information has dense relational structure, fails where there are only loose documents. Patterns, ingestion costs, and architectural decisions that have survived a year of real deployment.
Architecture
Consolidated MCP ecosystem: a quick map for 2026
Twenty months after the initial announcement, Model Context Protocol went from curiosity to de-facto standard among agent clients and servers. What is available, which servers are worth it, which problems remain open, and how it compares to earlier protocol maps.
Architecture
Agent-to-agent protocols v1: what we have in hand
Six months after A2A landed at the Linux Foundation, and after several implementation cycles from Google, Microsoft, and open projects, what version 1 of the protocol means and whether it is safe to build on yet.
Architecture
Kubernetes 1.35: what you can already see coming
Con 1.34 liberado en agosto de 2025 y el ciclo de 1.35 en su última fase de congelación de funciones, qué llegará estable, qué quedará en beta, qué nos interesa a quienes mantenemos clústeres pequeños o medianos y qué podemos ignorar sin culpa hasta el siguiente ciclo.
Architecture
containerd with Wasm: mixed workloads in production
La integración de WebAssembly dentro de containerd como tiempo de ejecución alternativo ha madurado. Ya es posible desplegar cargas mixtas Linux y Wasm en el mismo clúster de Kubernetes con argumentos operativos sólidos. Cuándo compensa y cuándo no.
Architecture
Agent-to-agent protocols: the next open layer
With MCP solving the agent-to-tool layer, a parallel problem surfaces: how do two agents from different vendors communicate with each other. Google's Agent2Agent protocol, donated to the Linux Foundation in June 2025, tries to fill that gap with an open standard.
Architecture
Inference routers: choosing a model based on the request
Un enrutador de inferencia decide qué modelo atiende cada petición en función de coste, latencia y complejidad. Bien diseñados reducen la factura de tokens sin que el usuario perciba degradación; mal diseñados introducen fallos sutiles difíciles de depurar.
Architecture
TigerBeetle: a database built for financial transactions
TigerBeetle is a distributed database written in Zig, specialized in one specific kind of workload: high-volume double-entry accounting with strong consistency guarantees. It does not aim to replace Postgres; it aims to be the right tool when the problem is counting financial transactions at millions per second without subtle failures.
Architecture
Citus: scaling Postgres horizontally without leaving it
Tras la adquisición por Microsoft en 2019, Citus vivió un limbo comercial que terminó con Microsoft abriendo el código completo en 2022. Tres años después, la extensión de particionado para Postgres ha madurado y ofrece una ruta práctica para escalar sin abandonar el motor que ya conoces. Un repaso honesto.
Architecture
SQLite in production: patterns that have aged well
SQLite lleva años ganando terreno en servidores reales gracias a WAL, a proyectos como Litestream y libSQL, y a hardware con discos rápidos. Repaso los patrones que siguen funcionando después de varios años de uso, los que no, y por qué el tamaño medio de una aplicación web se come ya sin despeinarse.
Architecture
DuckDB in enterprise analytics: concrete cases
DuckDB has spent two or three years quietly working its way into data architectures. It is no longer just the embedded database for local analytics: in 2025 it keeps turning up in concrete enterprise cases where it replaces far pricier pieces. A tour of the real patterns.
Architecture
Model Context Protocol in 2025: from announcement to ecosystem
Model Context Protocol turns ten months old since Anthropic's announcement, and it is no longer just a proposal: hundreds of servers, cross-vendor implementations and a public registry now back it. A look at what has worked, what is still weak, and why 2025 marks the shift from curiosity to basic infrastructure.
Architecture
YugabyteDB and CockroachDB: distributed databases in 2025
Distributed SQL databases have moved from promise to production reality. YugabyteDB and CockroachDB lead the segment from different angles. Choosing between them demands understanding what each design compromises and what horizontal scaling costs in practice.
Architecture
Redpanda: an alternative to Kafka with a different architecture
Redpanda promises Kafka-protocol compatibility without the JVM, without ZooKeeper, and with a thread-per-core architecture. By 2025 there are already serious production deployments. It is worth understanding where the switch pays off and where it does not.
Architecture
containerd 2.0 in production: real migrations
Six months after containerd 2.0 reached general availability there is enough real-world mileage to judge the migration from the 1.x branch in production. We cover what changes in the config file, what breaks on Kubernetes and Docker Swarm, and when planning the jump actually pays off.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 17: optimisations that change real queries
PostgreSQL 17 llegó en septiembre con mejoras silenciosas del planificador. Seis meses en producción confirman que los escaneos SAOP, el streaming I/O y los anti-joins han cambiado planes de consulta reales sin tocar una línea de SQL.
Architecture
Kubernetes 1.33: the sneak peek from an operations lens
Kubernetes 1.33 (Octarine) lands April 23. In-place pod resize moves to beta and ships on by default, sidecar containers finally reach GA, and several endpoint and security deprecations arrive that operators should review before upgrading from 1.32.
Architecture
Coolify: a self-hosted Vercel on your own infrastructure
Coolify delivers a Vercel- or Heroku-like experience on your own servers: automatic HTTPS, managed databases, and branch previews without per-build or bandwidth fees. After several months using it on production VPS, here is where it shines, where it still has rough edges, and which teams will genuinely benefit from it.
Architecture
Microsoft’s GraphRAG in enterprise: patterns that work
GraphRAG has been in real enterprise use for over a year: during indexing, an LLM builds a knowledge graph that answers global questions about a corpus well, precisely where classic RAG fails because no single chunk holds the full answer. Here I compare indexing costs, the cases where it pays off, and the hybrid pattern that teams have settled on.
Architecture
MariaDB 11.7: The Fork That Keeps Its Own Path
MariaDB 11.7 (November 2024) adds native vector search with an HNSW index, JSON improvements via JSON_OBJECT_AGG, and 5-15% faster read workloads versus 11.5. Against MySQL 8, the edge is not depending on HeatWave for embeddings; against PostgreSQL, it still trails on JSON depth and data types.
Architecture
DuckDB: Fast Analytics Without Moving Data
DuckDB es el motor analítico embebido que ha cambiado el panorama. Lee Parquet y CSV directamente, vectoriza la ejecución y cabe dentro de tu proceso Python. Un repaso a cuándo sustituye de verdad a un data warehouse.
Architecture
Kubernetes 1.30: The Improvements Operators Actually Appreciate
Kubernetes 1.30, released in April 2024, brings ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to general availability, eliminating the need for external webhooks for CEL-based admission policies. It adds pod scheduling readiness to control when a pod enters the scheduling cycle, and job success policy to define which index combination counts as success in distributed indexed Jobs.
Architecture
vLLM: Serving LLMs in Production with Very High Throughput
vLLM serves language models on GPU using PagedAttention and continuous batching, two techniques that multiply throughput compared with a naive server. It exposes an OpenAI-compatible API, so migrating an existing application only requires changing the base URL and deploying the right binary.
Architecture
RAG in Production: Patterns That Work and Those That Don’t
Tras dos años de RAG en producción, patrones claros emergen: chunking inteligente, hybrid search, re-ranking, evaluación continua. Qué evitar.
Architecture
Kubecost and OpenCost: Native FinOps in Kubernetes
Kubecost and OpenCost map real costs to namespaces, deployments, and labels in Kubernetes. OpenCost, the Apache 2.0 open-source core, covers essentials for free. Kubecost adds multi-cluster visibility and advanced cloud billing. For clusters spending over $5,000/month the ROI is clear: identified savings typically exceed software cost within the first month.
Architecture
Litestream: Near-Real-Time Replication for SQLite
Litestream is an open-source tool that replicates a SQLite database to an S3 bucket in near real time by reading the WAL SQLite already writes. It offers point-in-time recovery, overhead of only 1 to 3% CPU, and replaces the need for a separate database server in small apps.
Architecture
Cloudflare Workers in 2024: KV, D1, and the New Edge Stack
Cloudflare Workers is no longer an isolated edge function. In 2024, together with KV, D1, R2, and Durable Objects, it forms a complete platform that matches AWS on latency and drops egress fees, though it still falls short on long-running compute and the mature managed databases AWS offers.
Architecture
Kubernetes 1.31: the stabilisations that matter day to day
Kubernetes 1.31 brings no fireworks, but it closes old debts: AppArmor reaches GA, native sidecars now run enabled by default on their way to stable in 1.33, and DRA moves through alpha toward beta. A practical review from the perspective of someone operating clusters in production.
Architecture
Service Mesh in 2024: Istio Ambient and Cilium Mesh
In 2024, the sidecar-or-not debate has an answer: Istio Ambient Mesh and Cilium Service Mesh bring sidecarless architecture to production, while Linkerd keeps ultra-light Rust sidecars. The right choice depends on your current CNI, the features you need, and the size of your ops team, not on which project wins in the abstract.
Architecture
Valkey: The Open Fork After Redis’s License Change
Redis moved to dual SSPL/RSAL licensing in March 2024, no longer meeting the OSI open-source definition. Valkey emerged as a BSD 3-Clause fork backed by AWS, Google Cloud, Oracle, and the Linux Foundation, fully protocol-compatible with Redis 7.2. Migrating is almost always trivial: swap the binary or the Docker image.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 16: Logical Replication That’s Now Practical
PostgreSQL 16 closes the historical gaps in logical replication: parallel apply near 2x faster, logical slots served from physical standbys, and the scaffolding for bidirectional replication. The result is a first-line tool for cross-version migrations and CDC pipelines.
Architecture
Modern SCADA in Containers: Advantages and Risks
Containerising SCADA makes sense for the upper architecture layers: HMI, historians, and data gateways. PLCs still control hardware with hard determinism. The biggest risk is cultural: applying DevOps patterns without adapting to OT context causes incidents. NIS2 requires managing containers as any other critical infrastructure asset.
Architecture
SQLite in Production: Not Just for Mobile
SQLite in production is more viable than most teams assume. WAL mode removes read contention, Litestream replicates the WAL to S3 in near-realtime, and LiteFS adds multi-node replication. Without a separate database server, apps like Tailscale and PocketBase already do this in production. This article explains when it makes sense and its real limits.
Architecture
pgvector in 2024: HNSW Indexes and Real Scaling
pgvector matured in 2023-2024 with the HNSW index type and parallel construction that arrived in version 0.6. For projects already running PostgreSQL, a dedicated vector database is not needed in most cases: this guide explains when PostgreSQL is enough, how to configure the index, and where it starts to fall short.
Architecture
containerd: The Runtime Underpinning Kubernetes
containerd is the runtime that runs containers in most modern Kubernetes clusters, and almost nobody notices. It manages the full container lifecycle: pulling the image, starting it, networking, and mounting the filesystem. It became the default runtime after Kubernetes 1.24 removed dockershim in May 2022.
Architecture
eBPF: Kernel Observability Without Recompiling
eBPF is a Linux kernel technology that lets you load and run verified, high-performance programs without recompiling the kernel or rebooting the system. It runs safely inside a virtual machine in the kernel and underpins tools such as Cilium, Pixie, Falco, and Tetragon for real-time tracing, networking, and security.
Architecture
Vector Databases: Qdrant, Pinecone, and Weaviate
Vector databases have gone from an experimental curiosity to the central component of most LLM-based products. This comparison covers Qdrant, Pinecone, and Weaviate: architecture, strengths, limitations, and a decision tree for choosing the right option based on your operational priorities and budget.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 16: Changes That Affect Day-to-Day Work
PostgreSQL 16, released in September 2023, adds logical replication from a standby, the pg_stat_io view for breaking down I/O by operation type and context, and parallel FULL OUTER JOIN support. Upgrading from 15 is straightforward; 13 loses support in November 2025, so plan the update soon.
Architecture
Chroma: A Lightweight Vector Database for Embedding Prototypes
Chroma is the easiest vector database to get started with embeddings and semantic search: install it with pip install chromadb, no extra infrastructure required, and it exposes a minimal API (add, query, delete). It suits prototypes and mid-sized RAG systems well; past a few million vectors, Qdrant or Milvus scale better.
Architecture
Micro-frontends in Practice: Benefits and Pitfalls
Micro-frontends bring the microservices idea to the UI: split the frontend into pieces that separate teams can develop and deploy independently. They pay off when coordination costs across four or more teams in the same SPA exceed the added technical overhead; without a mature design system and platform team, they tend to multiply problems.
Architecture
Platform Engineering: Internal Developer Platforms
Platform engineering formalizes the internal product development teams need. An Internal Developer Platform (IDP) centralises deployment, observability and self-service behind a unified interface so product teams deliver value without becoming infrastructure experts. Investment pays off from around 30 to 50 developers.
Architecture
Redis: Caching Strategies Every Backend Should Know
Redis alone isn't a caching strategy, just an ingredient: picking the right pattern among cache-aside, read-through, write-through, and write-behind, sizing TTL to how fast data actually changes, invalidating explicitly for critical data, and mitigating thundering herd with jitter and locking are the decisions that actually matter in production.
Architecture
HashiCorp Vault for Secrets Management
Vault centraliza secretos con rotación, auditoría y políticas granulares. Guía práctica para equipos que pasan de .env a gestión seria.
Architecture
From Monolith to Microservices: Transforming the Architecture
Migrating from monolith to microservices means splitting a single system into independent services that deploy and scale on their own. It gains granular scalability and team autonomy, but adds real operational complexity: stable interfaces, Kubernetes orchestration, and a mature DevOps culture are conditions, not optional extras, for the migration to pay off.