Architecture
Skills and subagents: the agent reuse pattern
Skills package reusable capabilities; subagents isolate bounded-task execution. Together they form the most effective pattern for composing complex agents in 2026.
Category
Architecture
Pragmatic software architecture: decisions, trade-offs and patterns that scale.
Architecture
Docker Swarm in 2023: When It Still Makes Sense
Kubernetes won the orchestration battle, but Docker Swarm stays maintained inside Docker Engine and makes real sense for small teams without dedicated SRE, self-hosted stacks on 1-5 VPS, and edge mini-clusters. In those contexts, Swarm's minimal learning curve and low operational cost outweigh Kubernetes's advanced features.
Architecture
Agent-to-agent protocols v1: what we have in hand
Six months after A2A landed at the Linux Foundation, and after several implementation cycles from Google, Microsoft, and open projects, what version 1 of the protocol means and whether it is safe to build on yet.
Architecture
Agent-to-agent protocols: the next open layer
With MCP solving the agent-to-tool layer, a parallel problem surfaces: how do two agents from different vendors communicate with each other. Google's Agent2Agent protocol, donated to the Linux Foundation in June 2025, tries to fill that gap with an open standard.
Architecture
Inference routers: choosing a model based on the request
Un enrutador de inferencia decide qué modelo atiende cada petición en función de coste, latencia y complejidad. Bien diseñados reducen la factura de tokens sin que el usuario perciba degradación; mal diseñados introducen fallos sutiles difíciles de depurar.
Architecture
TigerBeetle: a database built for financial transactions
TigerBeetle is a distributed database written in Zig, specialized in one specific kind of workload: high-volume double-entry accounting with strong consistency guarantees. It does not aim to replace Postgres; it aims to be the right tool when the problem is counting financial transactions at millions per second without subtle failures.
Architecture
Citus: scaling Postgres horizontally without leaving it
Tras la adquisición por Microsoft en 2019, Citus vivió un limbo comercial que terminó con Microsoft abriendo el código completo en 2022. Tres años después, la extensión de particionado para Postgres ha madurado y ofrece una ruta práctica para escalar sin abandonar el motor que ya conoces. Un repaso honesto.
Architecture
SQLite in production: patterns that have aged well
SQLite lleva años ganando terreno en servidores reales gracias a WAL, a proyectos como Litestream y libSQL, y a hardware con discos rápidos. Repaso los patrones que siguen funcionando después de varios años de uso, los que no, y por qué el tamaño medio de una aplicación web se come ya sin despeinarse.
Architecture
DuckDB in enterprise analytics: concrete cases
DuckDB has spent two or three years quietly working its way into data architectures. It is no longer just the embedded database for local analytics: in 2025 it keeps turning up in concrete enterprise cases where it replaces far pricier pieces. A tour of the real patterns.
Architecture
Redpanda: an alternative to Kafka with a different architecture
Redpanda promises Kafka-protocol compatibility without the JVM, without ZooKeeper, and with a thread-per-core architecture. By 2025 there are already serious production deployments. It is worth understanding where the switch pays off and where it does not.
Architecture
containerd 2.0 in production: real migrations
Six months after containerd 2.0 reached general availability there is enough real-world mileage to judge the migration from the 1.x branch in production. We cover what changes in the config file, what breaks on Kubernetes and Docker Swarm, and when planning the jump actually pays off.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 17: optimisations that change real queries
PostgreSQL 17 llegó en septiembre con mejoras silenciosas del planificador. Seis meses en producción confirman que los escaneos SAOP, el streaming I/O y los anti-joins han cambiado planes de consulta reales sin tocar una línea de SQL.
Architecture
Coolify: a self-hosted Vercel on your own infrastructure
Coolify delivers a Vercel- or Heroku-like experience on your own servers: automatic HTTPS, managed databases, and branch previews without per-build or bandwidth fees. After several months using it on production VPS, here is where it shines, where it still has rough edges, and which teams will genuinely benefit from it.
Architecture
Microsoft’s GraphRAG in enterprise: patterns that work
GraphRAG has been in real enterprise use for over a year: during indexing, an LLM builds a knowledge graph that answers global questions about a corpus well, precisely where classic RAG fails because no single chunk holds the full answer. Here I compare indexing costs, the cases where it pays off, and the hybrid pattern that teams have settled on.
Architecture
Kubernetes 1.30: The Improvements Operators Actually Appreciate
Kubernetes 1.30, released in April 2024, brings ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to general availability, eliminating the need for external webhooks for CEL-based admission policies. It adds pod scheduling readiness to control when a pod enters the scheduling cycle, and job success policy to define which index combination counts as success in distributed indexed Jobs.
Architecture
Kubecost and OpenCost: Native FinOps in Kubernetes
Kubecost and OpenCost map real costs to namespaces, deployments, and labels in Kubernetes. OpenCost, the Apache 2.0 open-source core, covers essentials for free. Kubecost adds multi-cluster visibility and advanced cloud billing. For clusters spending over $5,000/month the ROI is clear: identified savings typically exceed software cost within the first month.
Architecture
Cloudflare Workers in 2024: KV, D1, and the New Edge Stack
Cloudflare Workers is no longer an isolated edge function. In 2024, together with KV, D1, R2, and Durable Objects, it forms a complete platform that matches AWS on latency and drops egress fees, though it still falls short on long-running compute and the mature managed databases AWS offers.
Architecture
Service Mesh in 2024: Istio Ambient and Cilium Mesh
In 2024, the sidecar-or-not debate has an answer: Istio Ambient Mesh and Cilium Service Mesh bring sidecarless architecture to production, while Linkerd keeps ultra-light Rust sidecars. The right choice depends on your current CNI, the features you need, and the size of your ops team, not on which project wins in the abstract.
Architecture
Valkey: The Open Fork After Redis’s License Change
Redis moved to dual SSPL/RSAL licensing in March 2024, no longer meeting the OSI open-source definition. Valkey emerged as a BSD 3-Clause fork backed by AWS, Google Cloud, Oracle, and the Linux Foundation, fully protocol-compatible with Redis 7.2. Migrating is almost always trivial: swap the binary or the Docker image.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 16: Logical Replication That’s Now Practical
PostgreSQL 16 closes the historical gaps in logical replication: parallel apply near 2x faster, logical slots served from physical standbys, and the scaffolding for bidirectional replication. The result is a first-line tool for cross-version migrations and CDC pipelines.
Architecture
Modern SCADA in Containers: Advantages and Risks
Containerising SCADA makes sense for the upper architecture layers: HMI, historians, and data gateways. PLCs still control hardware with hard determinism. The biggest risk is cultural: applying DevOps patterns without adapting to OT context causes incidents. NIS2 requires managing containers as any other critical infrastructure asset.
Architecture
SQLite in Production: Not Just for Mobile
SQLite in production is more viable than most teams assume. WAL mode removes read contention, Litestream replicates the WAL to S3 in near-realtime, and LiteFS adds multi-node replication. Without a separate database server, apps like Tailscale and PocketBase already do this in production. This article explains when it makes sense and its real limits.
Architecture
pgvector in 2024: HNSW Indexes and Real Scaling
pgvector matured in 2023-2024 with the HNSW index type and parallel construction that arrived in version 0.6. For projects already running PostgreSQL, a dedicated vector database is not needed in most cases: this guide explains when PostgreSQL is enough, how to configure the index, and where it starts to fall short.
Architecture
eBPF: Kernel Observability Without Recompiling
eBPF is a Linux kernel technology that lets you load and run verified, high-performance programs without recompiling the kernel or rebooting the system. It runs safely inside a virtual machine in the kernel and underpins tools such as Cilium, Pixie, Falco, and Tetragon for real-time tracing, networking, and security.
Architecture
Vector Databases: Qdrant, Pinecone, and Weaviate
Vector databases have gone from an experimental curiosity to the central component of most LLM-based products. This comparison covers Qdrant, Pinecone, and Weaviate: architecture, strengths, limitations, and a decision tree for choosing the right option based on your operational priorities and budget.
Architecture
PostgreSQL 16: Changes That Affect Day-to-Day Work
PostgreSQL 16, released in September 2023, adds logical replication from a standby, the pg_stat_io view for breaking down I/O by operation type and context, and parallel FULL OUTER JOIN support. Upgrading from 15 is straightforward; 13 loses support in November 2025, so plan the update soon.
Architecture
Chroma: A Lightweight Vector Database for Embedding Prototypes
Chroma is the easiest vector database to get started with embeddings and semantic search: install it with pip install chromadb, no extra infrastructure required, and it exposes a minimal API (add, query, delete). It suits prototypes and mid-sized RAG systems well; past a few million vectors, Qdrant or Milvus scale better.
Architecture
Micro-frontends in Practice: Benefits and Pitfalls
Micro-frontends bring the microservices idea to the UI: split the frontend into pieces that separate teams can develop and deploy independently. They pay off when coordination costs across four or more teams in the same SPA exceed the added technical overhead; without a mature design system and platform team, they tend to multiply problems.
Architecture
Platform Engineering: Internal Developer Platforms
Platform engineering formalizes the internal product development teams need. An Internal Developer Platform (IDP) centralises deployment, observability and self-service behind a unified interface so product teams deliver value without becoming infrastructure experts. Investment pays off from around 30 to 50 developers.
Architecture
Redis: Caching Strategies Every Backend Should Know
Redis alone isn't a caching strategy, just an ingredient: picking the right pattern among cache-aside, read-through, write-through, and write-behind, sizing TTL to how fast data actually changes, invalidating explicitly for critical data, and mitigating thundering herd with jitter and locking are the decisions that actually matter in production.
Architecture
HashiCorp Vault for Secrets Management
Vault centraliza secretos con rotación, auditoría y políticas granulares. Guía práctica para equipos que pasan de .env a gestión seria.
Architecture
From Monolith to Microservices: Transforming the Architecture
Migrating from monolith to microservices means splitting a single system into independent services that deploy and scale on their own. It gains granular scalability and team autonomy, but adds real operational complexity: stable interfaces, Kubernetes orchestration, and a mature DevOps culture are conditions, not optional extras, for the migration to pay off.