Categories

Architecture

Kafka without ZooKeeper: KRaft in production

Kafka 4.0, released on 18 March 2025, cannot start with ZooKeeper at all, so KRaft is the only option left. Metadata management now lives inside Kafka itself, a path that opened with KIP-500 in 2019 and became production-ready in Kafka 3.3. Migration is mandatory, and it shifts daily operations.

Architecture

Kafka in 2023: Event Streaming in the Enterprise

Apache Kafka has consolidated in 2023 as the enterprise event backbone thanks to KRaft, now GA and removing the ZooKeeper dependency. The most mature patterns are CDC with Debezium, event sourcing, and stream processing with Kafka Streams or Flink, while Redpanda and Pulsar compete as real alternatives depending on the case.