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Backpropagation: The Step-by-Step Derivation

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The backpropagation derivation, factor by factor with the chain rule.

Backpropagation applies the chain rule to share a network's error layer by layer. You first compute the error of the output layer, propagate it backward, and use it to obtain the gradients of every weight and bias in a single pass, summarised in four compact equations you can code directly.

Video transcript
  1. 0:01 The neuron combines input, weight and bias; the activation adds the
  2. 0:05 non-linearity and the loss measures the error.
  3. 0:08 The chain rule turns the derivative into three local factors:
  4. 0:12 the error, the slope of the activation and the input.

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