The dark factory has been promised for decades, but no documented case does without people. Five cases with date and source, from Fanuc in 2003 to Xiaomi in 2026, what they have in common, where the model breaks and why in Spain the path runs through cobots and robotized cells.
Reinforcement learning is the AI technique in which an agent learns to make optimal decisions through trial and error, without labelled data: it acts in an environment, receives a reward or penalty based on the outcome, and adjusts its strategy to maximise long-term cumulative reward.
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